Use of licit psychoactive drugs during the Covid-19 pandemic
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a behavioral analysis of the use of licit psychoactive drugs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: A literature search was conducted of materials available in electronic media from several renowned databases: Elsevier, Google Scholar, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences - LILACS, National Library of Medicine of the United States National Institute of Health (PubMed Central - PMC) and Scielo. A total of 39 materials were selected, considering the impact factor of the publications. Results: The selected studies presented changes in the patterns of psychoactive substance use. In Brazil there was an increase of 13.1% in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, whereas the number of daily cigarettes consumed by smokers increased by approximately 34%, without accounting for other forms of tobacco consumption and its derivatives. Consumption of benzodiazepines rose 12.7% in the last year and there was a growth of almost 14% in the marketing of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Conclusion: In analysis, it was possible to establish a relationship between or increase in the consumption of psychotropic substances and the impact on mental health generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, which is largely due to social isolation, major changes in routine and economic profile of much of the population what negatively affected mental health, one of the pillars of human health overthrown in this period generating great change in the consumption of psychotropic medications, alcohol and tobacco. Therefore, we currently have a major public health problem that can last for a long time and lead to other problems, so interventions are needed from government agencies of guidance and health promotion. This article demonstrates the need for new studies and reports able to consistently elucidate the direction of this problem, however, can exercise significant assistance in actions to combat the situation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Statement - Policy Proposal for Open Access Journals
Authors who publish in The Brazilian journal of Biomedical Sciences (RBCBM) agree to the following terms: 1 - Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License allowing sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal. 2 - Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. 3 - Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of published work.
This is an open access article under the CC-BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
References
Anand KB, Karade S, Sen S, Gupta RM. SARS-CoV-2: Camazotz's Curse. MJAFI. 2020;76(2):136-41.
Salvetti MD, Pimenta CA. Dor crônica e a crença de autoeficácia. REEUSP. 2007;41(1):135-40.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization [Internet]. Alcohol and COVID: what do you need to know?; 2020. Disponível em: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/437608/Alcohol-and-COVID-19-what-you-need-to-know.pdf
World Health Organization. World Health Organization [Internet]. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates; 2017. Disponível em: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610
Souza MT, Silva MD, Carvalho RD. Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo). 2010;8(1):102-6.
Barifouse R. BBC News Brasil [Internet]. Por que o H1N1 não parou economias como a pandemia de coronavírus? - BBC News Brasil; 2020. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-52078906
Wilder-Smith A, Freedman DO. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. JTM. 2020;27(2).
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, Ho RC. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. IJERPH. 2020;17(5):1729.
Allen AJ, Leonard H, Swedo SE. Current Knowledge of Medications for the Treatment of Childhood Anxiety Disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 1995;34(8):976-86.
Ministério da Saúde. Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. Plano de contingência nacional para infecção humana pelo novo Coronavírus 2019-nCoV: centro de operações de emergências em saúde pública (COE-nCoV); 2020. Disponível em:http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/fevereiro/07/plano-contingencia-coronavirus-prelo.pdf.
Dalpiaz AK, Jacob MHVM, Silva KD, Bolson MP, Hirdes Alice. Fatores associados ao uso de drogas: depoimentos de usuários de um CAPS AD. Aletheia. 2014; 45: 56-71.
Diehl A, Cordeiro DC, Laranjeira R. Dependência Química: Prevenção, Tratamento e Políticas Públicas. Comorbidades psiquiátricas (pp. 106-118). Brasil, 2011, Artmed Editora.
Cullen W, Gulati G, Kelly BD. Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM. 2020;113(5):311-2.
National Health Commission of China. National Health Commission of China [Internet]. Principles of the emergency psychological crisis interventions for the new coronavirus pneumonia; 2020. Disponível em: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202001/6adc08b966594253b2b791be5c3b9467
Ministério da Saúde. Ministério da Saúde [Internet]. Ministério da Saúde divulga resultados preliminares de pesquisa sobre saúde mental na pandemia; 2020. Disponível em: https://antigo.saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/47527-ministerio-da-saude-divulga-resultados-preliminares-de-pesquisa-sobre-saude-mental-na-pandemia
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde [Internet]. Álcool; 2020. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/node/4825
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde [Internet]. O consumo de bebidas durante a pandemia; 2020. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/12-11-2020-pesquisa-da-opas-em-33-paises-aponta-que-quase-metade-dos-entrevistados-no
Pan American Health Organization. Pan American Health Organization [Internet]. Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Americas; 2021. https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/53540/PAHOPHEHEOCOVID-19210008_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Reynolds J, Wilkinson C. Accessibility of ‘essential’ alcohol in the time of COVID ‐19: Casting light on the blind spots of licensing? Drug and Alcohol Review. 2020;39(4):305-8.
The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Drinking alone: COVID-19, lockdown, and alcohol-related harm. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(7):625.
Secretaria Municipal da Saúde. Cidade de São Paulo - Saúde [Internet]. Consumo de álcool e drogas na pandemia é tema de evento on-line; 2021. https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/saude/noticias/?p=314429
Koopmann A, Georgiadou E, Kiefer F, Hillemacher T. Did the General Population in Germany Drink More Alcohol during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown? Alcohol. 2020;55(6):698-699.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization [Internet]. Who report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021; 2021.: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/343287/9789240032095-eng.pdf?sequence=1&
Governo do Brasil. Saúde Brasil [Internet]. Seu vício no cigarro pode estar encobrindo o quê? 2019. Disponível em: https://saudebrasil.saude.gov.br/eu-quero-parar-de-fumar/seu-vicio-no-cigarro-pode-estar-encobrindo-o-que
Silva AL, Moreira JC, Martins SR. COVID-19 e tabagismo: uma relação de risco. CSP. 2020;36(5).
Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1653-6.
Paleiron N, Mayet A, Marbac V, Perisse A, Barazzutti H, Brocq FX, Janvier F, Dautzenberg B, Bylicki O. Impact of Tobacco Smoking on the Risk of COVID-19: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(8):1398-1404.
Yach D. Tobacco Use Patterns in Five Countries During the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1671-1672.
Santé publique France [Internet]. Tabac, Álcool: quell impact du confinement sur la consommation des Français?; 2020 [citado 19 set 2021]. Disponível em: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/presse/2020/tabac-alcool-quel-impact-du-confinement-sur-la-consommation-des-francais
Mazzi C. O Globo [Internet]. Consumo de cigarro aumentou para 34% dos fumantes brasileiros durante a pandemia, diz pesquisa da Fiocruz; 2020. Disponível em: https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/consumo-de-cigarro-aumentou-para-34-dos-fumantes-brasileiros-durante-pandemia-diz-pesquisa-da-fiocruz-1-24583015
Klemperer, EM, West JC, Peasley-Miklus C, Villanti AC. Change in Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Use and Motivation to Quit in Response to COVID-19. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1662-1663.
Wanderley TC, Cavalcanti AL, Santos S. Práticas de saúde na atenção primária e uso de psicotrópicos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. cmbio. 2013;12(1):121-6.
Laureano FRC; Amaral WN; Amaral Filho WN; Falone VE. Medicamentos Psicotrópicos: Uso, Prescrição e Controle. Rev. goiana med., 2015; 47, 22-26.
Alves AM, Couto SB, Santana MP, Baggio MRV, Gazarini L. Medicalização do luto: limites e perspectivas no manejo do sofrimento durante a pandemia. CSP. 2021; 37(9): e00133221.
Stall NM, Zipursky JS, Rangrej J, Jones A, Costa AP, Hillmer MP, Brown K. Assessment of Psychotropic Drug Prescribing Among Nursing Home Residents in Ontario, Canada, During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(6):861-863.
Conselho Federal de Farmácia. Conselho Federal de Farmácia [Internet]. Venda de medicamentos psiquiátricos cresce na pandemia; 2020. https://www.cff.org.br/noticia.php?id=6015&titulo=Venda+de+medicamentos+psiquiátricos+cresce+na+pandemia
Lula-Barros, DS; Damascena HL. Assistência farmacêutica na pandemia da Covid-19: uma pesquisa documental. TES. 2021; 19, e00323155.
International Union of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. International Union of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology [Internet]. World smart medication day; 2021. Disponível em: https://iuphar.org/clinical-division/world%20smart-medication-day
Conselho Federal de Farmácia. Conselho Federal de Farmácia [Internet]. Uso racional de psicotrópicos durante a pandemia. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.cff.org.br/noticia.php?id=5951