Inibidores de checkpoints imunológicos no tratamento de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (NSCLC)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Cancer is a comprehensive definition to talk about over 100 types of diseases; Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in society, causing the highest mortality among men and women around the world. In its more advanced stages, the patient diagnosed with NSCLC has a life expectancy of 1 to 2 years, requiring more assertive treatments that do not compromise the already weakened health of these patients. Chemotherapeutics are still the main treatment of choice for the treatment of these patients, however the number and severity of adverse events resulting from this treatment and a not so favorable response, with regard to increased survival of these patients, drives studies and research into new therapies, in order to guarantee an increasingly efficient and safe response in the fight against the NSCLC. Combinations of different therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy and the administration of chemotherapeutics continue to be analyzed, but in recent years a new class has joined the fight: Immunotherapics are drugs that act to activate or inhibit some immune system responses, promoting a targeted attack to tumor cells, preserving the healthy cells of the organism.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Statement - Policy Proposal for Open Access Journals
Authors who publish in The Brazilian journal of Biomedical Sciences (RBCBM) agree to the following terms: 1 - Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License allowing sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal. 2 - Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. 3 - Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of published work.
This is an open access article under the CC-BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
References
ONCOGUIA. Tipos de Câncer de Pulmão - Instituto Oncoguia. 2020. Disponível em: http://www.oncoguia.org.br/conteudo/tipos-de-cancer-de-pulmao/1577/196/. Acesso em: 17 set. 2021.
INCA, Instituto Nacional de Câncer – Estatísticas de Câncer. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.inca.gov.br/numeros-de-cancer. Acesso em: 17 set. 2021.
IARC, INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER. Global Cancer Observatory. 2021. Disponível em: https://gco.iarc.fr/. Acesso em: 13 fev. 2022.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Lung Cancer Survival Rates, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2022.
HORN, L. et al. Cancer of the lung: Non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. Elsevier Inc. v. 5, p. 1143-119, 2013. Disponível em: https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/cancer-of-the-lung-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-and-small-cell-lung. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2022.
JOHNSON, D.H.; SCHILLER, J.H.; BUNN JR, P.A. Recent clinical advances in lung cancer management. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, v. 32, n. 10, p. 973-982, 2014. Disponível em: https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2013.53.1228?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/immunotherapy.html. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2022.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Words to describe cancer and its treatment, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/children-and-cancer/when-a-family-member-has-cancer/dealing-with-treatment/words-to-use.html. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2022
ONCOGUIA. O câncer - Instituto Oncoguia. 2017. Disponível em: http://www.oncoguia.org.br/conteudo/o-cancer/12/1/. Acesso em: 17 set. 2021.
DOWNWARD, E. How Does Lung Cancer Develop?. 2016. Disponível em: <https://lungcancer.net/basics/pathophysiology/>. Acesso em 22 abr. 2022.
RAMI‐PORTA, R. et al. Lung cancer—major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, v. 67, n. 2, p. 138-155, 2017. Disponível em: https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21390. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
ŠUTIĆ, M. et al. Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Management. Journal of Personalized Medicine, v. 11, n. 11, p. 1102, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1102 . Acesso em: 22 abr. 2022.
CHO, B.C. et al. Prognostic factors in early-stage NSCLC: analysis of the placebo group in the MAGRIT study. Anticancer Research, v. 39, n. 3, p. 1403-1409, 2019. Disponível em: https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/39/3/1403.long. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
GUTIÉRREZ, L. et al. Prognostic model of long-term advanced stage (IIIB-IV) EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors using real-life data. BMC cancer, v. 21, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2021. Disponível em: https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-021-08713-8. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2022.
DETTERBECK, F.C; BOFFA, D. J., TANOUE, L.T., The New Lung Cancer Staging System. CHEST Journal, Estados Unidos, v.136, n.1, p-260-271, 2009. Disponível em https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(09)60435-9/fulltext. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2021.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Lung Cancer Risk Factors. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html. Acesso em: 27 mar. 2022.
ONCOLINK. Recommendations for Follow-Up Care After Treatment for Lung Cancer. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.oncolink.org/print/pdf/25749?print_25749.pdf. Acesso em: 15 abr. 2022.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Living as a Lung Cancer Survivor. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2022.
NCCN, NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK et al. Palliative care. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN, v. 7, n. 4, 2009. Disponível em https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/4/8/article-p776.xml. Acesso em: 17 fev 2022.
ETTINGER, D.S. et al. Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, version 5.2017, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, v. 15, n. 4, p. 504-535, 2017. Disponível em: https://jnccn.org/view/journals/jnccn/15/4/article-p504.xml Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
SCHOOCH, S. et al., Comparative Study of the Mode of Action of Clinically Approved Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences v. 21, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6928. Acesso em: 11 mai. 2022.
NIDDK, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Platinum Coordination Complexes. Bethseda, 2012. Disponível em https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548788/. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2022.
GHOSH, S., Cisplatin: The first metal based anticancer drug. Bioorganic Chemistry, v. 88, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045206818311969. Acesso em: 7 mai. 2022.
ROWINSKY, E. C., DONEHOWER, R. C., PACLITAXEL (TAXOL). The New England Journal of Medicine, v. 332, 1995. Disponível em: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199507063330129. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2022.
GALLEGO-JARA, J. et al., A Compressive Review about Taxol®: History and Future Challenges. Molecules, v. 25, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5986. Acesso em: 13 mai. 2022.
ADJEI, A., Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action of Pemetrexed. Clinical Lung Cancer, v. 5, 2004. Disponível em: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525-7304(11)70192-9. Acesso em: 14 mai. 2022.
ARUNACHALAM et al. Real-World Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival, and Occurrence and Costs of Adverse Events Associated With Second-Line Therapies for Medicare Patients With Advanced NoneSmall-Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer, v. 19, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.clinical-lung-cancer.com/article/S1525-7304(18)30136-0/fulltext. Acesso em: 22 mar. 2022.
ALEXANDER, M.; KIM, S.Y.; CHENG, H. Update 2020: Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Lung, v. 198, n. 6, p. 897-907, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656891/. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. Lung Cancer Imunotherapy - Immune Checkpoints Inhibitor. 2022. Disponível em: < https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/immunotherapy.html>. Acesso em: 20 mar.2022.
BUCHBINDER, E.I.; DESAI, A. CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways: Similarities, Differences, and Implications of Their Inhibition. American journal of clinical oncology, v. 39, n. 1, p. 98, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892769/. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
ABBAS, A.K., LICHTMAN, A.H. e PILLAI, S. Imunologia Básica – Funções e Distúrbios do Sistema Imunológico. Elsevier Editora Ltda, 5ª Ed., 2017.
LEE, H.T. et al. Molecular mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via anti-PD-L1 antibodies atezolizumab and durvalumab. Scientific reports, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-12, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06002-8. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2022.
MENDES, C.D. et al. Imunoterapia no câncer de pulmão não pequenas células. Rev. méd. Paraná, p. 112-118, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.amp.org.br/site/arquivos/revistasarquivos/revista-medica-do-parana-volume-79-n-1-janeiro-junho-2021_1625669497.pdf. Acesso em: 23 abr. 2022.
HELLMANN, M.D., et al. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):2020-2031. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910231. Epub 2019 Sep 28. PMID: 31562796.
STEWART, J. Opdivo FDA Approval History. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.drugs.com/history/opdivo.html. Acesso em: 19 mar. 2022.
NASSER, N.J.; GORENBERG, M.; AGBARYA, A. First line Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 13,11 373. 8 Nov. 2020, doi:10.3390/ph13110373.
HERBST, R.S. et al. Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of PD-L1–selected patients with NSCLC. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 383, n. 14, p. 1328-1339, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1917346. Acesso em: 23 mar. 2022.
SUI, H. et al. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Toward Personalized Medicine and Combination Strategies. Journal of immunology research, v. 2018, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2018/6984948/. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2021.