Use of monoclonal antibodies in therapy against COVID-19
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Abstract
SARS-Cov-2 is an enveloped virus of single-stranded positive RNA from the genus Betacoronavirus. With the emergence of covid-19 in late 2019 and its rapid advance starting a pandemic, worldwide researchers have engaged in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic methods to combat the disease. By August 2022, there were already over 500 million positive cases and over 6,000,000 deaths reported worldwide. Vaccines, as the main method of containing moderate to severe symptoms of the disease, have played a key role in controlling the pandemic, reducing the number of hospitalizations and deaths. Despite numerous studies developed in the last two years and also the use of drugs proven ineffective (such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin), there is no effective and exact therapy against the virus, making the development of biotechnological tools for a specific and efficient treatment long awaited. Among the main therapeutic molecules are monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which are biopharmaceutical products from hybridomas whose function is to perform a specific and weighted effect on a given target. Currently there are studies for MAbs that target spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), IL-6, CD6 IgG1, GM-CSF, IL-1, CD147, TNF-alpha and also for prophylactic use. Although promising, it is a therapy that has some obstacles because it is laborious and expensive.
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