Pathophysiological analysis of thrombophilia in pregnant women.

Abstract

Thrombophilia can be defined as hemostatic disorders where there is an increase of prothrombotic factors, which may result in venous or arterial thrombosis. Thrombophilia can be divided into two groups: hereditary and acquired. Pregnancy naturally constitutes a state of hypercoagulability preparing for childbirth, decreasing fibrinolytic activity and increasing platelet aggregation. Thus, pregnant women diagnosed with thrombophilia may develop more clinical problems than non-pregnant women. This study aimed to describe the thrombophilias of higher incidence in pregnant women, their clinical manifestations, the main diagnostic methods and the profile of the women tested. Studies on the subject were identified by searching the databases PUBMED, SciELO, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Google Scholar, books and manuals from government institutions focused on the health area. After analysis of the articles studied, protein S deficiency, factor V Leiden mutation, hyperhomocysteinemia and antiphospholipid syndrome were the most recurrent thrombophilias diagnosed in pregnant women, and the most common obstetric manifestations were: previous and recurrent abortion, fetal growth restriction, severe preeclampsia, occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Cost-effectiveness have pointed out that the mass use of tests for the diagnosis of thrombophilia have not been effective in reducing and preventing deaths or obstetric disorders. Therefore, it is necessary that the exams be carried out in a carefully selected public, so that the correct prophylaxis and treatments are applied.