Tumor molecular markers
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Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is the name given to a group of more than 100 diseases that have in common the disordered growth of cells that invade organs and tissues and can spread to other regions of the body. The identification of the early stages of chronic diseases can reduce rates of morbidity and mortality, which can be accomplished through three levels of prevention programs. The term biomarker was coined for any molecule or biological characteristic that can be detected and measured revealing normal, pathological biological processes or the pharmacological response after therapeutic intervention. The incidence of cancer grows in Brazil, as in the rest of the world, at a pace that accompanies the aging population due to the increase in life expectancy. This Literature Review aims to survey the tumor markers used in the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of the most common types of cancer in the Brazilian population. Methodology: A bibliographic survey was carried out, including books and national and international journals indexed in online databases - Bireme, PubMed and SciELO. Conclusion: Cancer is a public health problem worldwide, therefore, diagnostic methods capable of predicting it are indeed very significant. Tumor markers are macromolecules present in the blood or other body fluids, whose presence is usually associated with the appearance of a tumor. Laboratory tests are usually ordered to screen for disease, to establish a diagnosis, to guide treatment or to assess prognosis. Thus, despite having limitations, tumor markers serve these purposes. The national literature available on the subject “tumor markers” is still very limited. Knowing more about cancer would help prevent it or, ultimately, guide people to seek help from the start.
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