Pré-eclâmpsia: Revisão literária dos critérios laboratoriais e manejo clínico, e sua correlação com a disbiose como fator de risco
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition that can result in adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. It is primarily characterized by high blood pressure and systemic complications. This study aimed to review the pathophysiology of the disease, the laboratory criteria used for diagnosis, as well as to describe and understand its clinical management, in addition to shedding light on the most studied biomarkers for screening and diagnosis. Furthermore, the possible interaction of intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis as a risk factor was discussed. The study highlighted the importance of laboratory tests for diagnosis, as well as the use of the sFlt-1/PLGF ratio as an excellent predictive tool for preeclamptic events. Additionally, current protocol-based clinical management strategies were reviewed, including the use of antihypertensives such as magnesium sulfate and acetylsalicylic acid in combination with calcium supplementation, all aimed at controlling and minimizing adverse clinical outcomes. Moreover, the literature indicates that potential changes in the microbiota may influence inflammatory processes, contributing to vascular dysfunction and thus being a possible risk factor in the development of the disease. In conclusion, the integration and understanding of the pathophysiology, laboratory, clinical, and microbiological aspects may contribute to more effective care, promoting a safer pregnancy with improved outcomes.
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